Comparison of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol for the Vitrification of Immature Porcine Oocytes

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  • SOMFAI Tamás
    NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
  • NAKAI Michiko
    Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
  • TANIHARA Fuminori
    Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
  • NOGUCHI Junko
    Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
  • KANEKO Hiroyuki
    Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
  • KASHIWAZAKI Naomi
    Graduate School, Azabu University, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan
  • EGERSZEGI István
    Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Herceghalom, H-2053, Hungary
  • NAGAI Takashi
    NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
  • KIKUCHI Kazuhiro
    Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

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Our aim was to optimize a cryoprotectant treatment for vitrification of immature porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Immature COCs were vitrified either in 35% ethylene glycol (EG), 35% propylene glycol (PG) or a combination of 17.5% EG and 17.5% PG. After warming, the COCs were in vitro matured (IVM), and surviving oocytes were in vitro fertilized (IVF) and cultured. The mean survival rate of vitrified oocytes in 35% PG (73.9%) was higher (P<0.05) than that in 35% EG (27.8%). Oocyte maturation rates did not differ among vitrified and non-vitrified control groups. Blastocyst formation in the vitrified EG group (10.8%) was higher (P<0.05) than that in the vitrified PG group (2.0%) but was lower than that in the control group (25.0%). Treatment of oocytes with 35% of each cryoprotectant without vitrification revealed a higher toxicity of PG on subsequent blastocyst development compared with EG. The combination of EG and PG resulted in 42.6% survival after vitrification. The maturation and fertilization rates of the surviving oocytes were similar in the vitrified, control and toxicity control (TC; treated with EG+PG combination without cooling) groups. Blastocyst development in the vitrified group was lower (P<0.05) than that in the control and TC groups, which in turn had similar development rates (10.7%, 18.1% and 23.3%, respectively). In conclusion, 35% PG enabled a higher oocyte survival rate after vitrification compared with 35% EG. However, PG was greatly toxic to oocytes. The combination of 17.5% EG and 17.5% PG yielded reasonable survival rates without toxic effects on embryo development.

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