Group Contingencies as Support in a Regular Classroom That Included Children Who Needed Special Support: Comparison Between Independent and Interdependent Contingencies

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  • 特別の支援を必要とする児童が在籍する学級への集団随伴性を用いた支援 ―非依存型と相互依存型の比較を中心に―
  • トクベツ ノ シエン オ ヒツヨウ ト スル ジドウ ガ ザイセキ スル ガッキュウ エ ノ シュウダン ズイハンセイ オ モチイタ シエン : ヒイソンガタ ト ソウゴ イソンガタ ノ ヒカク オ チュウシン ニ

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Abstract

<p>The purpose of the present study was to introduce a group contingency (GC) in an elementary school class and compare the effects of an interdependent contingency and an independent contingency, as well as to examine differences in the children's achievement rates for the target behaviors when their preferred type of group contingency was applied and when another type of group contingency was applied. In addition, the present study examined whether the changes observed in the children's behavior after the group contingency had been applied were maintained 2 months after intervention ended. The intervention, which was aimed at improving the children's morning readiness and preparation for school lunch, was conducted with a regular first-grade public school class of 16 children (10 boys, 6 girls), including 4 children (2 boys, 2 girls) who needed special support. Little difference was found in the children's behavior between the independent and the interdependent contingencies, but carry-over effects from the independent contingency could conceivably have affected the results of the interdependent contingency. Further, the children who preferred the independent contingency had higher achievement of the target behaviors relating to morning readiness when the independent contingency was applied than with the interdependent contingency, but little difference was found during the implementation of the independent and the interdependent contingencies in the behavior of the children who preferred the interdependent contingency. The improvements in the children's target behaviors were maintained 2 months after the intervention ended. The discussion examined limitations of the present study and implications of applying a group contingency in practice.</p>

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