Toward Sustainable installation of wind power generation in Japan : Lessons learned from transitions of policy and institution

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  • 日本の風力発電の持続的な導入拡大に向けて : 制度的・政策的変遷から得られる教訓
  • ニホン ノ フウリョク ハツデン ノ ジゾクテキ ナ ドウニュウ カクダイ ニ ムケテ : セイドテキ ・ セイサクテキ ヘンセン カラ エラレル キョウクン

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The capacity of wind power generation in the world reached approximately 500 GW at the end of 2016 and already exceeded the capacity of nuclear power generation. In the world, generation cost of wind power is drastically reduced through market expansion and technological innovation, while coping with the variability of the output, simultaneously achieving mass introduction and stable supply of electricity. From the latter half of the 1990s to the 2000s, in Europe and the United States and Emerging countries steadily expanded the installation of wind power generation, and present markets and industries that create cost competitiveness are formed. Overall, not only policy support such as Feed-in Tariff, but also the grid connection and the reform of the electric system were integrally progressed in the background. The authors think that a positive circulation, which is called an "autonomous expansion cycle" that enhances cost competitiveness and enables sustainable installation and expansion, is functioning. However, in Japan, connection to the grid by wind power generation is almost consistently restricted, and expansion of the market has not progressed further due to the addition of other barriers such as the Environmental Impact Assessment procedure. Despite being blessed with conditions such as huge potential and high purchase price, the spread of wind power generation is stagnant. There is a possibility that Japan's unique business environment may hamper the installation of wind power generation. Why did not "autonomous expansion cycle" be formed in Japan, just like the Western countries and Emerging countries? In this paper, we focus on the policy support and the grid connection in Japan. And we will examine the transition and influence of policies, institutions and rules on wind power generation in Japan and discuss the current state of the grid constraints, which is the key to expansion of wind power installation, and the direction toward future improvement.

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