The Implementation of Teacher Employment Evaluation Authority in the Early Years after World War II: A Case Study of Toyama Prefecture in the 1950s

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  • MAEDA Mugiho
    Graduate students, The University of Tokyo Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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Other Title
  • 戦後初期の教員採用における選考権の運用実態
  • 戦後初期の教員採用における選考権の運用実態 : 1950年代の富山県を事例として
  • センゴ ショキ ノ キョウイン サイヨウ ニ オケル センコウケン ノ ウンヨウ ジッタイ : 1950ネンダイ ノ トヤマケン オ ジレイ ト シテ
  • 1950年代の富山県を事例として

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Abstract

<p> The enactment of the Act on the Organization and Operation of Local Educational Administration (AOOLEA) and the revision of the Law for Special Regulations Concerning Educational Public Service Personnel (LSEP) in 1956 transferred the authority over teacher employment evaluations from the superintendents of municipal boards of education to those of prefectural boards of education. Previous studies have shown that the transfer was a critical turning point in the teacher employment system in postwar Japan. However, this has been discussed only on the level of legal provisions, and there has been no credible empirical research on the operation of the system.</p><p> This study reexamines the commonly accepted theory of previous research through a case study of the teacher employment administration in Toyama Prefecture during the 1950s. Specifically, this study tests the hypothesis that before 1956, although the superintendents of municipal boards of education were given authority over teacher employment evaluations, they were restrained from the exercise thereof. This analysis uses historical materials from Toyama Prefecture and local newspapers in Toyama.</p><p> The analysis supported this hypothesis, showing some room for reconsideration of the commonly accepted theory of previous research. The three reasons for this are as follows.</p><p> First, the Toyama Prefectural Board of Education started evaluation tests for teacher candidates at the end of fiscal 1952. This system, in which the prefectural board of education implemented the evaluation tests and determined employment centrally, continued after the “evaluation tests” were renamed “evaluation qualification testing” in 1956.</p><p> Second, the Toyama Prefectural Board of Education provided and mediated new graduates to each municipal board of education. It was expected by the Ministry of Education that prefectural boards of education nationwide would perform this function.</p><p> Third, the Toyama Prefectural Board of Education played an important role in the determination of the highly uncertain number of teachers. Because there was no age-limit system at that time, the number of new employees was undetermined until the last moment of the end of the fiscal year. Accordingly, superintendents of the municipal boards of education had little opportunity to determine the employment of teachers on their own.</p><p> Finally, I discuss the implications of this study.</p>

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