Problems on Forest and Forestry in Vietnam going through a Process of Market-Oriented Economy

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  • Iida Shigeru
    Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
  • Lavinh H. H
    Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University

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Other Title
  • 経済移行過程におけるベトナムの森林・林業問題
  • ケイザイ イコウ カテイ ニ オケル ベトナム ノ シンリン リンギョウ モンダイ

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About 5 million hectares of forest land have been faded away for last 60 years in Vietnam. Now about 9.3 million hectares of them are counted for forests land. However, half of that are bald land and another cover with average about 73 m^3 per hectare of tree stock. On the other hand, about 11.4 million hectares of land are deforested and covered by grass. The government of Vietnam made an ambitious plan for making forests on these 5 million hectares of barren and/or grass land by 2010 in 1993. At the start of this plan, we have to consider the reasons why these treeless areas have been made. If we can not correctly understand the reasons, we won't take appropriate measures to stop deforestation. There are three major grounds for destroying forests in Vietnam. The first reason is the 72 million liters of defoliants which had been poured down ever green forests during Vietnam War. About 2 million hectares of closed forests have been destroyed by this chemical weapons. Second is the failures of land allocation measures. The government of Vietnam have to provide the forests for cooperatives and farmers to produce much more foods. But so many land have been left without any cares after cutting trees and/or short time cultivation. Third is the management issues of forests land located in aborigines areas. About 50 aborigines are living in forests areas and they carry out slash-and-burn of agriculture inside of the forests. We don't need to worry the first reason any more, because it is the past matters. However, the second reason is very serious problems today. Many farmers are facing land shortage where they have to produce foods and benefits. The "Doi Moi" policy, so called socialism-oriented market economy, made small-scale farmers to encourage their activities since in 1986. The new farmers who will get low productivity forests land or barren land may not turn out good results or benefits. Therefore we are not able to hope so much forestation by these farmers. It is said that upland and aborigines areas is the most important places to maintain and improve the forest resources in Vietnam today . The state forests enterprises (SFEs) have important roles to manage these forests land. Some SFEs made not only local groups in aborigines areas to enhance preventing illegal cutting , wildfire and another violence, but also provided some money for them to plant and tend trees. These activities of SFEs will take very important roles to achieve 5 million hectares forestation plan.

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