Analysis of Factors Related to Periodontal Condition in Pregnant Women

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  • KUBO Eri
    Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • FUKUI Makoto
    Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • SAKAMOTO Harumi
    Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University
  • HINODE Daisuke
    Department of Hygiene and Oral Health Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences

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Other Title
  • 妊婦の歯周状態に関連する因子の分析
  • ニンプ ノ シシュウ ジョウタイ ニ カンレン スル インシ ノ ブンセキ

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Abstract

<p> The aim of this study was to compare factors related to the periodontal condition between pregnant and non-pregnant women, and analyze these factors to improve the oral environment of pregnant women.</p><p> Three thousand three hundred and fifty-nine subjects who enrolled in the Dental Health Survey for Pregnant Women during 2016-2019 in Kochi Prefecture were included in the pregnant group, while 316 women of the same age in the 2020 Kochi Prefecture Dental and Oral Health Promotion Survey were included in the control group. Items regarding oral hygiene conditions and oral health behavior of both groups were compared in each age group. Furthermore, a binomial logistic regression analysis of the pregnant group was performed using the periodontal condition regarding “periodontal pocket” or “gingival bleeding” as the dependent variable.</p><p> From the comparison of the questionnaire items, the rate of “swelling of the gums” in the pregnant group was significantly higher than that in the control group. From the comparison of the examination items, the rate of subjects with periodontal pockets in the pregnant group was higher than that in the control group. The proportion of pregnant women aged 16 to 24 years with “periodontal pocket” and “gingival bleeding” was larger than in the control group. There was no significant difference in current smoker rates between the two groups. In the pregnant group using the presence or absence of “periodontal pocket” or “gingival bleeding” as the dependent variable, “presence of a family dentist”, “use of adjunctive oral hygiene device”, and “malocclusion” showed significant correlations.</p><p> These results suggest that an adverse periodontal condition may arise during pregnancy. It may be necessary to visit a family dentist and receive oral health guidance regarding the use of appropriate adjunctive oral hygiene devices in order to maintain a good oral condition during pregnancy.</p>

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