Development of root gravitropism inhibitors from allelochemical research

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  • Shindo Mitsuru
    Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
  • Iwata Takayuki
    Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
  • Nishimura Takeshi
    Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology
  • Terao-Morita Miyo
    Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology

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  • アレロケミカルの研究から植物根の重力屈性特異的阻害剤（BMA）の開発へ
  • アレロケミカル ノ ケンキュウ カラ ショクブツ コン ノ ジュウリョク クッセイ トクイテキ ソガイザイ(BMA)ノ カイハツ エ

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<p>Allelopathy is one of the survival strategies employed by plants, and allelochemicals, which play a critical role, are expected to be useful compounds in plant physiology research tools, as well as lead compounds for pesticides and growth regulators. cis-Cinnamic acid, the active compound of cis-cinnamic acid glycosides isolated from Spiraea thunbergii, exhibits strong inhibitory effects on the elongation of plant roots. Our research group, consisting of plant physiologists and organic chemists, synthesized cis-cinnamic acid and developed a fluorescent probe through structure-activity relationship studies, revealing the root cap with high affinity for cis-cinnamic acid through molecular imaging experiments. Drawing inspiration from the inhibitory effect on gravitropism, we screened cis-cinnamic acid analogues and discovered ku-76 (2Z,4E-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid), which specifically inhibits gravitropism. Using this as a lead compound, we further modified its structure and successfully developed BMA ((Z)-4-((Z)-benzylidene)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-2-en-5-ynoic acid), a potent inhibitor. Additionally, plant physiology experiments on auxin distribution suggest its involvement in the control of polar auxin transport.</p>

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