Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages
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- Martine Robbeets
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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- Remco Bouckaert
- Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland
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- Matthew Conte
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University,
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- Alexander Savelyev
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences
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- Tao Li
- Department of Archaeology, College of History, Wuhan University
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- Deog-Im An
- Department of Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Hanseo University,
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- Kenichi Shinoda
- National Museum of Nature and Science
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- Yinqiu Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University
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- Takamune Kawashima
- Hiroshima University Museum
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- Geonyoung Kim
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University
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- Junzo Uchiyama
- Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures
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- Joanna Dolińska
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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- Sofia Oskolskaya
- Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences,
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- Ken-Yōjiro Yamano
- Research Center for Buried Cultural Properties, Kumamoto University
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- Noriko Seguchi
- Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University
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- Hirotaka Tomita
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences of Global Society, Kyushu University
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- Hiroto Takamiya
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, ,
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- Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama
- National Museum of Nature and Science
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- Hiroki Oota
- Kitasato University School of Medicine
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- Hajime Ishida
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus,
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- Ryosuke Kimura
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
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- Takehiro Sato
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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- Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Donga University
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- Rasmus Bjørn
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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- Bingcong Deng
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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- Seongha Rhee
- Hanguk University of Foreign Studies
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- Kyou-Dong Ahn
- Hanguk University of Foreign Studies
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- Ilya Gruntov
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
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- Olga Mazo
- National Research University Higher School of Economics,
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- John Bentley
- Department of World Languages and Cultures, Northern Illinois University
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- Ricardo Fernandes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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- Patrick Roberts
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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- Ilona Bausch
- Leiden University Institute of Area Studies,
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- Linda Gilaizeau
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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- Minoru Yoneda
- The University of Tokyo
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- Mitsugu Kugai
- Miyakojima City Board of Education, Miyako Island,
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- Raffaela Bianco
- Department of Archaeogenetics (DAG), Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena
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- Fan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University
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- Marie Himmel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History,
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- Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics (DAG), Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena
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- Mark Hudson
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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- Chao Ning
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
説明
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages, i.e., Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic, is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements. Here we address this question through ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report new, wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including the most comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary presented to date, an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia, and the first collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional ‘Pastoralist Hypothesis’, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking significant progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence, we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.</jats:p>
